The security angle here is that many websites allow you to upload PNGs and then view them. In this case, it’s the PNG file that is also valid PHP. There’s always something weirdly fun about a file that is valid as multiple, wildly different file formats. (Hackaday’s parent company, Supplyframe, is owned by Siemens.) See the video below for the first-hand story of escaping The Matrix and getting to real code execution on these machines. The issues have been fixed with the latest firmware and portal updates, and Siemens has issued an advisory owning up to the problems. With the key in hand, an attacker can download the hash, decrypt, and then authenticate using the hash.Īnd then, having the secret key to an HTTPS certificate allows all the normal shenanigans one would think of: capturing traffic and decrypting, or performing a man-in-the-middle attack. One of the items contained in that dataset is the encrypted password hash, which was encrypted using - you guessed it - that universal key. Depending on the configuration, it’s sometimes possible to download the configuration blob without authentication. Including reading the universal key.Īnd that brings us to the first real attack that having this secret-but-shared key enables. It was still a challenge to defeat the security controls built-in to that environment, but they eventually found a function that could set a pointer to an arbitrary value, allowing kernel reads and writes. So naturally, our researchers reverse engineered the bytecode and wrote their own compiler, to have access to those under-the-hood features. Those programs get compiled to a custom bytecode that runs in a controlled environment on the controller. Pointers, memory management, and the rest of our normal vulnerable vectors don’t show up here. Industrial controllers get programmed in a specific, high-level language, that is strictly for automation logic. The real fun is how the team at Claroty discovered all this. Unfortunately, the private key for that HTTPS connection lives on the controller hardware, and every unit shipped had the same key. To put that in plain English, their industrial controllers started using HTTPS to talk to the controller software. Siemens released version 12 of their TIA portal nearly 10 years ago, and with this update added asymmetric cryptography between the portal and their SIMATIC S7-1200 and S7-1500 products. One depends on typos, but dependency confusion just relies on a developer not explicitly defining the scope of a package. Those attacks are two approaches to the same goal, get a node.js deployment to run a malicious package instead of the legitimate one the developer intended. Now this is all very interesting, but it turns into a plausible attack when combined with typosquatting and dependency confusion issues. That response time discrepancy means you can map out the private package names used by a given organization in their private scope. It appears that npm has front-end that can cache a 404 response for a private package. On the flipside if your target package does exist, but is privately scoped, the first request returns with the expected delay, and the other four requests return immediately. ![]() That request lands at the service’s backend, a lookup is performed, and you get the response. If the package name isn’t in use, all five requests will take the expected amount of time. Use npm’s API to request info on your target package, five times in a row. ![]() ![]() The clever bit is to keep trying, and really pay attention to the responses. Trying to access the package results in an HTTP 404 error - the same error as trying to pull a package that doesn’t exist. The public ones are available to everyone, but the private packages are “scoped”, meaning they live within a private namespace, and are inaccessible to the general public. The setup is this, npm hosts both public and private node.js packages. PHP Tutorial PHP - Introduction PHP - Installation PHP - Syntax PHP - Variables PHP - Echo PHP - Strings PHP - Operators PHP - Comments PHP - Include File PHP - Require PHP - If Statement PHP - If.First up is some clever wizardry from the research team, who discovered a timing attack that leaks information about private npm packages. Miscellaneous XML Tutorial Webhost Tutorial Flash Tutorial SEO Tutorial Scripting Javascript Tutorial PHP Tutorial Perl Tutorial Ajax Tutorial ASP Tutorial VBScript Tutorial Web Tutorials Beginner Tutorial HTML Tutorial CSS Tutorial
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |